שאלה | A high concentration of fecal coliforms was found in a lake in a rural district. The lake is used for recreation and for drinking water. In order to select a management approach, the authorities want to identify the source of fecal contamination and find out whether it comes from domestic sewage leakage, from cows that feed too close to the lake, or from the high numbers of migrating birds. Which culture independent method would be best to use?

A high concentration of fecal coliforms was found in a lake in a rural district. The lake is used for recreation and for drinking water. In order to select a management approach, the authorities want to identify the source of fecal contamination and find out whether it comes from domestic sewage leakage, from cows that feed too close to the lake, or from the high numbers of migrating birds. Which culture independent method would be best to use?

		Inspecting for fecal sterol presence and origin in the lake water.
		Quantifying the concentration of caffeine in the lake water.
		Searching for genetic markers of specific host-related gut bacteria.
		Each of these methods can give partial information regarding the source of contamination.

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