שאלה | Membrane fouling can cause a reduction in permeate flux mainly due to:

Membrane fouling can cause a reduction in permeate flux mainly due to:

		the elevation of osmotic pressure and hydraulic resistance near the membrane in non-porous membranes, and clogging (elevating the hydraulic resistance) in porous membranes.
		the elevation of osmotic pressure near the membrane in porous membranes, and clogging in non-porous membranes.
		the formation of a cake layer in porous membranes, and biofilm-induced hydrophobicity in non-porous membranes.
		enhanced concentration polarization (CP) in both porous and non-porous membranes.