Explanation: The lectures/readings describe the first modern-era prohibition in Egypt as emerging during the short French occupation (1798–1801). French soldiers, facing limited access to alcohol, increasingly turned to a locally familiar substance (hashish/cannabis). French military authorities then banned hashish preparation and consumption out of concern that it would undermine discipline and combat readiness. The reading also shows that later authorities (including Ottoman-centered directives and subsequent Egyptian decrees) renewed or deepened restrictions (for example, later orders to seize and destroy hashish entering Egypt). Quote: “During the occupation, hashish preparation and consumption were banned, due to the spread of hashish use among the French army.”

Explanation: The lectures/readings describe the first modern-era prohibition in Egypt as emerging during the short French occupation (1798–1801). French soldiers, facing limited access to alcohol, increasingly turned to a locally familiar substance (hashish/cannabis). French military authorities then banned hashish preparation and consumption out of concern that it would undermine discipline and combat readiness. The reading also shows that later authorities (including Ottoman-centered directives and subsequent Egyptian decrees) renewed or deepened restrictions (for example, later orders to seize and destroy hashish entering Egypt). Quote: “During the occupation, hashish preparation and consumption were banned, due to the spread of hashish use among the French army.” צו הפיקוד הצרפתי- היעדר האלכוהול גרם לחיילים הצרפתים לגלות את החשיש (הקנאביס), שהיה חומר מקובל במצרים. מתוך חשש לפגיעה בכושר הלחימה של הצבא הצרפתי, הפיקוד הצרפתי מוביל לאיסור הראשון על שימוש וסחר בחשיש במצרים המודרנית. בהתחלה איסור על החיילים הצרפתים וזמן קצר לאחר מכן איסור על מצריים באופן גלובלי.