Discuss, Learn and be Happy דיון בשאלות

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Why did the rise of capitalism provoke opposition to drug use?

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mood
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: When did the Opium War between China and Britain take place?

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Explanation: According to the lectures, the First Opium War occurred between 1839 and 1842, following British attempts to enforce opium trade in China and Chinese efforts to suppress it.
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What is the country of origin of coffee?

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Explanation: According to the lectures, coffee originated in Ethiopia, from where it spread to the Middle East and later to Europe and the rest of the world.
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Question: What defined the group that was the most prominent consumers of opium in USA at the end of the 19th century?

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Explanation: According to the lectures, opium use in late-19th-century USA was especially common among white bourgeois women, largely through medical prescriptions such as laudanum. This discussion appears in Boon, The Road of Excess, Chapter 3, and is contextualized in Breen, The Age of Intoxication.
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Question: What was the British Government of India’s budget assumption that was based on exporting opium to China?

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Explanation: In the lecture/reading on the imperial opium regime, opium exports (especially to China) are described as a key, “reliable source of revenue” that the Government of India was reluctant to disrupt—on the order of around a sixth of finances. (Lecture/Reading: Ashley Wright, Not Just a “Place for the Smoking of Opium”)
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Question: In what year did a German scientist succeed in isolating opium’s active ingredient, thereby paving the way for the production of heroin?

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Explanation: The lectures explain that morphine was first isolated from opium in 1804–1805 (Sertürner). In 1804 opium was isolated and morphine was created; in 1874 morphine was modified/processed and heroin was created (diacetylmorphine). (Lecture/Reading: Boon, The Road of Excess, Chapter 3; also referenced in Breen, The Age of Intoxication.)
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Question: What are the reasons that drugs and military life often go together?

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Explanation: In the lectures, intoxication is described as a way for ordinary soldiers to get an “escape/timeout” from the battle routine, cope with fear and loss, and maintain morale—feeling “not defeated.” The key distinction from option C is that creativity is not the point for rank-and-file fighters in those contexts. (Lecture/Reading: Ram, Middle East Drug Cultures in the Long View; reinforced in Ram, Intoxicating Zion (Conclusion).)
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Question: In what year was the first law enacted to restrict Chinese immigration to the United States?

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Explanation: The lectures connect early U.S. anti-opium/anti-Chinese politics to immigration control: 1875 (the Page Act) is presented as the first federal restriction targeting Chinese immigration, preceding the broader Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). (Lecture/Reading: Wright, Not Just a “Place for the Smoking of Opium”.)
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Question: During which period was there a sharp rise in drug use across the world?

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mood
Explanation: The lectures frame the “early modern” to 19th-century era as a period of expanding global commodity circuits and empire, in which intoxicants (tobacco, coffee, sugar, opium, etc.) spread rapidly worldwide—producing a major rise in use from roughly the 16th through the 19th centuries. (Lecture/Reading: Breen, The Age of Intoxication; also contextualized in Ram, Middle East Drug Cultures in the Long View.)
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Question: What was produced using cannabis?

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Explanation: The lectures distinguish between industrial hemp and psychoactive cannabis, noting that hemp was widely used to make rope and textiles (including cloth/sailcloth). (Lecture/Reading: Ram, Middle East Drug Cultures in the Long View.)
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