Explanation: In the readings, Dr. John Warnock appears as a British psychiatrist working in Egypt who played a central role in medicalizing hashish. He framed hashish consumption as a cause of insanity and degeneration, reinforcing colonial psychiatric knowledge that portrayed drug use as a pathology requiring control. His work helped legitimize restrictive policies by translating moral and colonial anxieties into scientific language. (Reading: Kozma; Ram). Quote: “Colonial psychiatrists such as Warnock linked hashish use to insanity and degeneration.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

Explanation: In the readings, Dr. John Warnock appears as a British psychiatrist working in Egypt who played a central role in medicalizing hashish. He framed hashish consumption as a cause of insanity and degeneration, reinforcing colonial psychiatric knowledge that portrayed drug use as a pathology requiring control. His work helped legitimize restrictive policies by translating moral and colonial anxieties into scientific language. (Reading: Kozma; Ram). Quote: “Colonial psychiatrists such as Warnock linked hashish use to insanity and degeneration.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).