Morphology

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Acute nephritic syndrome characteristics are:

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שאלה #17966

sentiment_very_satisfied		hypertension
done		oliguria
done		hematuria
done		proteinuria
		generalized edema

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Macroscopic signs of chronic pyelonephritis are:

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שאלה #17967

		at autopsy renal parenchyma is dense due to extensive fibrosis
done		when cutting the scars are wide with involving of kidney cortex and medullary layer
done		asymmetrical involvement kidneys
done		kidneys are shrunken with granular surface
		kidneys are increased in size and have irregular shape

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Macroscopic and microscopic changes in nephrosclerosis are:

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שאלה #17968

done		the cortex is thin on section
		kidneys are increased in size
sentiment_very_satisfied		glomerulosclerosis
done		surface is smooth
		tubular atrophy

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Microscopic types of renal cell carcinoma are:

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שאלה #17969

		giant cell
done		undifferentiated cell
done		clear cell
		granular cells
		spindle cell

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Macroscopic pattern of renal cell carcinoma are:

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שאלה #17970

		partially encapsulated
done		foci of necrosis
		does not invade adjacent tissues
		increased consistency
done		yellowish on section

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Identify the most common malignant tumors of kidneys:

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שאלה #17971

done		urothelial carcinoma
		angiosarcoma
done		Wilms tumor
		lymphosarcoma
done		renal cell carcinoma

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Characteristics of renal cell carcinoma are:

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שאלה #17972

		metastases are rare
done		develops from tubules epithilium
		is a benign kidney tumor
done		constitute 90% of all kidney tumors in adults
		more commom in children

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Frequent urinary malformations are:

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שאלה #17973

		bladder exstrophy
done		renal agenesis
done		renal dysplasia
sentiment_very_satisfied		ureteral duplication
done		polycystic kidney disease

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Identify predisposing factors of pyelonephritis

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שאלה #17974

done		diabetes mellitus
		pregnancy
done		obstruction
		gene mutations
		renal ptosis

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Identify the etiology of renal cell carcinoma:

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שאלה #17975

		chronic alcoholism
		chronic pyelonephritis
done		smoking
		chronic glomerulonephritis
mood		von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

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