Explanation: In the readings, the French invasion of Egypt (1798–1801) is identified as a key catalyst in exposing Europeans—especially soldiers, administrators, and scholars—to hashish. This encounter fed Orientalist knowledge production, travel accounts, and medical/psychiatric interest, which together contributed to the wider circulation of information and practices related to hashish in Europe. (Readings: Guba; Ram).
Quote: “The French occupation of Egypt created new channels through which knowledge about hashish entered Europe.” (Guba, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy and the Myth of the Hachichins).