Explanation: In the readings, British officials in Egypt treated hashish as relatively marginal compared to substances like heroin and cocaine, drew on colonial knowledge and debates developed in India, and prioritized concerns about “harder” drugs within international control regimes. These overlapping perspectives shaped a hierarchy of drugs rather than a singular focus on hashish. (Readings: Kozma; Ram).
Quote: “British officials tended to rank drugs hierarchically, viewing heroin and cocaine as more urgent threats than hashish.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).