Question: Cannabis consumers in Israel in the late decades of the twentieth century —

Explanation: In the readings, cannabis use in Israel during the late twentieth century was initially associated mainly with Mizrahi Jews—first- and second-generation immigrants from Middle Eastern and North African countries. This association reflected ethnicized and class-based perceptions of drugs, in which cannabis was framed as a “cultural” or “Oriental” substance before later becoming more widespread and normalized among broader segments of Israeli society. (Reading: Ram, Intoxicating Zion). Quote: “Cannabis consumption in Israel was initially identified with Mizrahi communities rather than with the Ashkenazi middle class.” (Ram, Intoxicating Zion).