Pathophysiology

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Metabolic disorders in absolute insulin deficiency depend on adipose cells as well. What metabolic disorders are disturbed in the adipocytes in insulin deficiency?

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שאלה #17558

done		Up-take of glucose
		Lipolysis
mood		Lipogenesis from glucose
		Synthesis of ketones bodies
done		Synthesis of glycerophosphate

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One affected organ in diabetes mellitus is the liver. How biochemical composition of hepatocytes is changed in insulin deficiency?

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שאלה #17559

		Increased glycogen storages
		Reduced lipid storages
done		Reduced glycogen storages
		Increased lipoproteins
done		Increased lipid storages

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One hypoglycemiant factor which is involved in hyperglycemia is insulin. What are hypoglycemiant mechanisms of insulin?

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שאלה #17560

		Stimulate proteolysis and gluconeogenesis from aminoacids
done		Inhibits lipolysis and gluconeogenesis from glycerol
		Inhibit glycolysis
		Increase by antagonism secretion of glucagon
done		Stimulates glycolysis

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One of hyperglycemiant factor with high role in hypoglycemia are catecholamines. What is one of hyperglycemiant mechanism of catecholamines?

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שאלה #17561

		Increased glycolysis
		Increased proteolysis and gluconeogenesis from aminoacids
done		Increased glycogenolysis
		Increased lipolysis and gluconeogenesis from free fatty acids
		Decreased peripheral up-take of glucose

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Patient D, known with hypercorticosolism, complains about muscular weakness and fatigability. What are possible pathogenetic mechanisms?

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שאלה #17562

		Glucocorticoids lead to hyperkalemia and muscular weakness
		Glucocorticoids lead to inflammatory reaction in the muscles
		Glucocorticoids inhibit uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles
done		Glucocorticoids lead to apoptosis of muscular cells
		Glucocorticoids lead to autoimmune processes in the muscular tissue – anti-receptors antibodies

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There is clinical significance in differentiation of the type of hyperaldosteronism. What can be the causes for secondary hyperaldosteronism?

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שאלה #17563

done		Essential arterial hypertension
done		Stenosis of renal artery
		Hypervolemia
		Hyposecretion of natriuretic peptide
		Excess of ADH

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To maintain the homeostasis of Fe in the body is maintained the balance between intake and physiological loss. What are the endogenous sources of iron recycling?

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שאלה #17564

		endogenous iron from myoglobin
done		endogenous iron reused from damaged erythrocytes
		endogenous iron from hephaestin
		endogenous iron from hemosiderin
done		endogenous iron from ferritin

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What are blood biochemical changes in cholestasis?

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שאלה #17565

		decreased globulin level in the blood
done		increased level of conjugated bilirubin
		Hyperlipidemia
done		increased level of biliary salts in the blood
		hyperbilirubinemia with unconjugated bilirubin

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What are changes in carbohydrate metabolic processes in liver failure?

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שאלה #17566

done		increased glucose level after meal
		reduced lipid storages in the liver
		Development of steatorrhea
		increased glycogen storages in the liver
done		reduced glycogen storages in the liver

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What are circulatory changes in hyperaldosteronism?

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שאלה #17567

done		Increased vascular peripheral resistence
		Arterial hypotension
		Hypovolemia
		Reduced vascular peripheral resistence
done		Arterial hypertension

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