Water & the Environment

The “Eastern Drainage” is a project aimed at rehabilitating the southern part of Israel’s Coastal Aquifer by:

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Why do the residents of the Arava Valley use only brackish groundwater and not water from northern Israel? What could be the main reason for that?

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The energy demand for desalinating saline groundwater is:

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What are foulants?

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Which of the following surfaces would best repel the fouling of negatively charged hydrophobic macromolecules? (Choose the most correct answer)

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If we have a porous colloidal cake layer clogging the UF membrane surface, under which conditions should we conduct the backwash? (Mark the most correct answer)

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Two UF membranes are clogged, the first with negatively charged inorganic colloids and the second with NOM. In both cases, the pH was increased after fouling was detected. (i) For the colloid-fouled membrane, permeate flux increased, while (ii) for the NOM-fouled membrane, the opposite behavior was detected, and permeate flux decreased. The following reasons are suggested. Please select the one that makesthe most sense:

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The performances’ decline in porous membranes is mainly due to elevated osmotic pressure.

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Biofouling of RO membranes is induced by both hydraulic resistance and the elevation of the osmotic pressure.

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Refer to the models of flux, accumulated volume, and time during porous membrane fouling. When the reciprocal of flux and the accumulated volume are linearly related to blocking of UF pores, is taking place. What type of fouling do we have on the membrane?

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Discuss, Learn and be Happy דיון בשאלות

The “Eastern Drainage” is a project aimed at rehabilitating the southern part of Israel’s Coastal Aquifer by:

Why do the residents of the Arava Valley use only brackish groundwater and not water from northern Israel? What could be the main reason for that?

The energy demand for desalinating saline groundwater is:

What are foulants?

Which of the following surfaces would best repel the fouling of negatively charged hydrophobic macromolecules? (Choose the most correct answer)

If we have a porous colloidal cake layer clogging the UF membrane surface, under which conditions should we conduct the backwash? (Mark the most correct answer)

The performances’ decline in porous membranes is mainly due to elevated osmotic pressure.

Biofouling of RO membranes is induced by both hydraulic resistance and the elevation of the osmotic pressure.

Refer to the models of flux, accumulated volume, and time during porous membrane fouling. When the reciprocal of flux and the accumulated volume are linearly related to blocking of UF pores, is taking place. What type of fouling do we have on the membrane?