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Which of the following actions will elevate the critical flux? choose four answers:

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In a cleaning procedure of a membrane fouled by organic macromolecules (negatively charged), the pH was reduced significantly, which made the membrane positively charged. Which of the following chemicals will you prefer to use to remove the faults?

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Membrane fouling can cause a reduction in permeate flux mainly due to:

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Chemically enhanced backwash is a common method for:

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Surfactants are commonly used in RO desalination processes to remove:

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The efficiency in removing extracellular polymetric substances (EPS) can be analyzed using:

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A CLSM analysis is based on photons that are originated only from the fluorescent focal planes. How can we improve confocality given the fact that the sample is strongly fluorescent and we do not have sample sensitivity issues?

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Under electrostatic repulsion between low-acidic foulants and membranes, adsorption of the foulant to the membrane is induced under the following conditions (choose the most correct answer):

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Why do we want the NOM fouling layer to be loose and thin and how can we try to achieve these characteristics?

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In porous membranes the relationship between flux, accumulated volume, and time can be modeled and the mathematical relationship is affected mostly by the

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