Artificial Paradises

Question: Hashish consumers in Mandatory Palestine —

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שאלה #193610

		A) None of the answers is correct.
		B) Were mainly Jews of the “Old Yishuv.”
		C) Were mainly Palestinian Arabs.
		D) Included Jews and Arabs in equal numbers.

Explanation: In the readings, hashish consumption in Mandatory Palestine was overwhelmingly associated with the urban Arab working classes. Jewish communities, both Old Yishuv and Zionist immigrants, generally avoided hashish because it was seen as an “Oriental” vice that threatened moral discipline and national identity. This imbalance shaped colonial policing, public discourse, and later Israeli “hashishophobia.” (Reading: Ram, Hashishophobia). Quote: “Hashish smoking in interwar Palestine was largely confined to the Arab urban working class.” (Ram, Hashishophobia).

מיין לפי

Question: In Iran and the The Qajar—

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שאלה #193611

		Tobacco is considered an assigned product due to disgust
		Opium was the drug of choice for the political and cultural elites
		Hashish was the drug of choice for the political and cultural elites
		Wine was the favorite psychoactive product of the lower classes

מיין לפי

Question: Coffeehouses in Europe —

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שאלה #193612

		A) Served as a space used by the European bourgeoisie.
		B) Symbolized the creation of a bourgeois public sphere on the continent.
		C) All of the answers are correct.
		D) Became a site of contestation over the power of ruling elites.

Explanation: In the readings, European coffeehouses functioned simultaneously as bourgeois social spaces, as key institutions in the emergence of a new public sphere, and as politically sensitive arenas that worried authorities. Because they enabled discussion, criticism, and the circulation of news outside official control, they were both celebrated and contested, making all the statements correct. (Reading: Grehan; Breen). Quote: “Coffeehouses played a central role in the formation of a bourgeois public sphere while also provoking anxiety among political authorities.” (Breen, The Age of Intoxication).

מיין לפי

Question: The concept of “colonialism reversed” (reverse colonialism) refers to —

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שאלה #193613

		to European anxiety about the addiction of representatives of the colonial authority in the colonies
		to European anxiety about the infiltration of drugs from the colonies into the metropolis in order to weaken the inhabitants of the continent
		to the anxiety of the colonial subjects against colonial drug prohibition regimes
		to European anxiety about anti-colonial resistance in the colonies

מיין לפי

Question: Choose the correct answer: the British in Egypt —

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שאלה #193614

		A) Related to hashish as a marginal problem compared to other drugs in the country.
		B) Related to hashish on the basis of religious discussions in India.
		C) Saw the use of heroin and cocaine as a more serious problem than hashish.
		D) All of the answers are correct.

Explanation: In the readings, British officials in Egypt treated hashish as relatively marginal compared to substances like heroin and cocaine, drew on colonial knowledge and debates developed in India, and prioritized concerns about “harder” drugs within international control regimes. These overlapping perspectives shaped a hierarchy of drugs rather than a singular focus on hashish. (Readings: Kozma; Ram). Quote: “British officials tended to rank drugs hierarchically, viewing heroin and cocaine as more urgent threats than hashish.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

מיין לפי

Question: William Brooke O’Shaughnessy —

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שאלה #193615

		A) Was a member of the League of Nations committee on opium.
		B) Was a British doctor in India who first conducted experiments on cannabis on humans and animals.
		C) Was a British psychiatrist in Egypt who promoted the ban on hashish consumption.
		D) Was the head of the anti-drug campaign in Mandatory Palestine.

Explanation: In the readings, O’Shaughnessy is presented as a pioneering nineteenth-century British physician working in India who systematically studied cannabis. He conducted experimental trials on animals and human patients, framed cannabis as a legitimate medical substance, and introduced it into Western pharmacological knowledge before later prohibitionist shifts. (Reading: Breen, The Age of Intoxication). Quote: “O’Shaughnessy’s experiments on cannabis in India marked one of the first systematic medical studies of the drug.” (Breen, The Age of Intoxication).

מיין לפי

Question: Opium and heroin in the United States in the early decades and the 1930s of the twentieth century —

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שאלה #193616

		A) Were consumed mainly by women from the upper classes.
		B) Added a new class of addicts to existing consumers.
		C) Marked their consumers as feminine.
		D) Were consumed by members of the upper classes.

Explanation: In the readings, opium and heroin use in the United States became culturally associated with weakness, dependency, and loss of self-control—traits coded as “feminine” in early twentieth-century gender discourse. This feminization of users played a key role in stigmatizing drug consumption and distancing it from ideals of masculinity, productivity, and citizenship, thereby supporting prohibitionist and moralizing narratives. (Readings: Breen; Wright). Quote: “Drug consumption was increasingly associated with weakness and feminization, undermining ideals of masculine self-control.” (Breen, The Age of Intoxication).

מיין לפי

Question: Dr. Dr. John Wonock —

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שאלה #193617

		A) He was active in the abstinence movement in England.
		B) There was a British psychiatrist in Egypt who linked hashish to insanity.
		C) Was a member of the League of Nations committee on drugs.
		D) Was a member of the British commission on opium in India.

Explanation: In the readings, Dr. John Warnock appears as a British psychiatrist working in Egypt who played a central role in medicalizing hashish. He framed hashish consumption as a cause of insanity and degeneration, reinforcing colonial psychiatric knowledge that portrayed drug use as a pathology requiring control. His work helped legitimize restrictive policies by translating moral and colonial anxieties into scientific language. (Reading: Kozma; Ram). Quote: “Colonial psychiatrists such as Warnock linked hashish use to insanity and degeneration.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

נערך לפני 3 חודשים Omri Aviram

מיין לפי

Question: Thomas De Quincey —

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שאלה #193618

		A) A famous writer known for “Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.”
		B) Was a supporter of Russell’s campaign to ban drugs in the interwar period.
		C) Was an officer who joined the Egyptian expedition between 1798–1801.
		D) Was a British psychiatrist who claimed a causal link between drugs and insanity.

Explanation: In the readings, Thomas De Quincey is presented as a key cultural figure who helped shape nineteenth-century European perceptions of drugs. His autobiographical work Confessions of an English Opium-Eater popularized opium use in literary form, blending fascination, introspection, and moral ambiguity, and influencing later medical, cultural, and prohibitionist discourses about addiction. (Reading: Boon, The Road of Excess). Quote: “De Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium-Eater became a foundational text in the literary history of drugs.” (Boon, The Road of Excess).

מיין לפי

Question: Harry J. Anslinger was —

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שאלה #193619

		A) An American scientist who opposed banning drugs on moral grounds.
		B) Head of the League of Nations’ drug policy in the interwar period.
		C) Head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) in the United States between 1930 and 1962.
		D) A British official who opposed banning cannabis.

Explanation: In the readings, Harry J. Anslinger is identified as the first commissioner and long-time head of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics. From 1930 to 1962, he was the central architect of American drug prohibition, aggressively promoting criminalization, international control, and moral panic around drugs such as cannabis, heroin, and opiates. (Readings: Ram; Breen). Quote: “Anslinger’s tenure at the Federal Bureau of Narcotics shaped U.S. and global drug prohibition for more than three decades.” (Ram, Intoxicating Zion, Conclusion).

מיין לפי

Discuss, Learn and be Happy דיון בשאלות

Question: Hashish consumers in Mandatory Palestine —

Question: In Iran and the The Qajar—

Question: Coffeehouses in Europe —

Question: The concept of “colonialism reversed” (reverse colonialism) refers to —

Question: Choose the correct answer: the British in Egypt —

Question: William Brooke O’Shaughnessy —

Question: Opium and heroin in the United States in the early decades and the 1930s of the twentieth century —

Question: Dr. Dr. John Wonock —

Question: Thomas De Quincey —

Question: Harry J. Anslinger was —

בקשה לשינוי התשובה / תיקון שאלה gavel

בקשה למחיקת השאלהmood_bad

בקשה לשינוי התשובה / תיקון שאלה

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