Artificial Paradises

Question: Who was Henri de Monfreid?

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שאלה #193574

		A) A French author who tried to prove that hashish causes insanity in Egypt.
		B) A French citizen who trafficked drugs, weapons, and women to Egypt.
		C) The first person to ban hashish in Egypt.
		D) All answers are correct.

Explanation: Kozma describes Monfreid as a notorious trafficker involved in multiple “revenue-yielding” trades (including arms and drugs) and notes his role in cannabis cultivation for export north (mainly to Egypt). Quote: “notorious trafficker Henri Monfried (who trafficked in any revenue-yielding merchandise, including slaves, arms and drugs) …”

מיין לפי

Question: What was the main route of hashish smuggling to Egypt during the period between the two World Wars?

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שאלה #193581

		A) Produced in Lebanon and smuggled across the Mediterranean to Egypt by Bedouins from the Negev.
		B) Produced in Afghanistan and smuggled to the Mediterranean, then brought by Bedouins from the Negev into Egypt.
		C) Produced in Turkey and reached Egypt directly via ships.
		D) None of the answers is correct.

Explanation: The lectures describe interwar hashish supply to Egypt as largely tied to Lebanese production and a Mediterranean maritime route, with smuggling networks that included Bedouin intermediaries moving goods across borders in Sinai/Negev–adjacent spaces into Egypt. (Reading: Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939). Kozma..Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt Quote: “hashish was produced in Lebanon… shipped across the Mediterranean… and then smuggled into Egypt with the help of Bedouin networks.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

מיין לפי

Question: Which cities in Mandatory Palestine served as hashish smuggling centers and as nodes of interwar drug trafficking?

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שאלה #193582

		A) Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and Lod
		B) Nahariya, Jaffa, and Be’er Sheva
		C) Jaffa area, Haifa, and Lod
		D) Haifa, Tel Aviv, and Ashkelon

Explanation: In the interwar period, the lectures/readings describe Mandatory Palestine as a transit space where major port and rail/road hubs became key nodes for trafficking networks. The course specifically highlights the Jaffa area, Haifa, and Lod as central points in these smuggling routes. (Reading: Ram, Intoxicating Zion). Ram_Intoxicating Zion

מיין לפי

Question: Mark the correct statement regarding tobacco.

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שאלה #193583

		A) Tobacco was spread around the world beginning in the Middle Ages.
		B) It was invented in China.
		C) It was quickly adopted around the world; it was also a popular intoxicant and a widely used drug.
		D) It was adopted in the East only in the 20th century.

Explanation: The lectures frame tobacco as a rapidly globalizing commodity after its introduction, becoming embedded in everyday sociability and widely consumed across regions. It is treated not only as a commodity but also as an “intoxicant” in contemporary moral and medical debates about altered states and bodily effects. (Reading: Grehan, Smoking and sociability in the Ottoman Empire). Grehan_Smoking and sociability in the Ottoman Empire Quote: “casting tobacco as an intoxicant and equating it with wine…” (Grehan, Smoking and sociability in the Ottoman Empire).

מיין לפי

Question: Who led the shift in Egyptian attitudes toward hashish at the beginning of the 20th century?

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שאלה #193584

		A) The British.
		B) A top down “civilizing” message from the elite toward Egyptians.
		C) Racism and the Egyptian police.
		D) Westernizing Egyptian middle classes (the effendiyya).

Explanation: In the lectures/readings, the early 20th-century shift is driven mainly by Egypt’s Westernizing middle-class elite (the effendiyya), especially through their press and moral social critique. They framed hashish as a sign of “backwardness” that harms individuals, families, and the nation, and linked reform to discipline, productivity, and “progress” as part of a broader civilizing and nationalist project. (Reading: Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939). Quote: “One forum for debating hashish consumption was the effendiya press.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

מיין לפי

Question: Which of the following statements describes imperial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries?

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שאלה #193585

		A) They viewed drugs as evidence of the “backwardness” of their colonial subjects.
		B) They ran a profitable drug trade between colonies and the metropole.
		C) They bequeathed to the world mistaken ideas about drugs—ideas that remain widespread to this day.
		D) All of the above are correct.

Explanation: In the readings, empires both profited from global drug commodities (e.g., opium), framed intoxication through “civilizing” and racialized/Orientalist lenses, and produced enduring myths and stereotypes about drugs and drug users. (Readings: Breen; Ram; de Sacy/Hashishin myth). Quote: “the global opium trade was old and comfortable.” (Breen, The Age of Intoxication).

מיין לפי

Question: In the Middle Ages, Muslim rulers and religious authorities permitted the use of hashish…

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שאלה #193586

		A) For personal reasons.
		B) For medical reasons.
		C) As a means to reach an altered state of consciousness (intoxication).
		D) In order to restore courage among Islamic soldiers.

Explanation: The readings note that although most scholars opposed hashish for pleasure, they generally allowed it for medical use—especially if it could “save lives.” (Reading: Ram, Middle East Drug Cultures in the Long View). Quote: “they agreed that its use was permissible for medical purposes, if it can be used to save lives.” (Ram, Middle East Drug Cultures in the Long View).

מיין לפי

Question: Smuggling hashish through Mandatory Palestine

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שאלה #193587

		A) Created markets for local consumption.
		B) Was aimed primarily at the Egyptian drug market.
		C) Was organized, among other actors, by international gangs.
		D) All of the above are correct.

Explanation: In the reading, Mandatory Palestine became a key transit “depot” on the Lebanon–Egypt supply chain, which both fed Egypt’s market and expanded local urban consumption; contemporary discourse also framed the trade as tied to cross-border “gangs.” (Reading: Ram, Hashishophobia). Quote: “Palestine’s geographical position ensured that vast quantities of hashish supplies would be smuggled across its territory en route to Egypt.” (Ram, Hashishophobia).

מיין לפי

Question: What is true about the League of Nations’ work?

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שאלה #193588

		A) It dealt only with issues of security and world peace.
		B) It signed international conventions that addressed only opiates and cocaine.
		C) It treated cannabis as a “mild” drug that people could live with.
		D) It added cannabis as a “dangerous drug” to the Second Opium Convention (1925).

Explanation: In the interwar international control regime, the League of Nations’ 1925 Opium Convention expanded drug control to include cannabis (often framed as “Indian hemp”), marking its formal entry into the “dangerous drugs” system. (Reading: Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939). Quote: “the inclusion of Indian hemp in the 1925 Convention.” (Kozma, Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939).

מיין לפי

Question: What considerations led the Ottoman and Iranian authorities to impose restrictions on drug trade and use?

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שאלה #193589

		Religious motives, motives related to managerial theories resulting from socialism, the idea of liberal "freedom", democratization of drugs, medical and pharmacological considerations.
		Religious motives, motives related to managerial theories resulting from capitalism, the idea of liberal "freedom", democratization of drugs, medical and pharmacological considerations.
		Religious motives, motives related to capitalist theories, the idea of liberal "freedom", the legalization of drugs, medical and pharmacological considerations.
		Secularism, the industrial revolution, urbanization, enlightenment.

xplanation: In the readings, restrictions emerge from a modern, “scientific”/medical framing of drugs alongside political–economic modernity and moral panic in the press as drug use spread beyond marginal spaces (“democratization”). (Reading: Ram, Hashishophobia). Quote: “Similar portrayals … are also provided in period’s Hebrew press.” (Ram, Hashishophobia).

מיין לפי

Discuss, Learn and be Happy דיון בשאלות

Question: Who was Henri de Monfreid?

Question: What was the main route of hashish smuggling to Egypt during the period between the two World Wars?

Question: Which cities in Mandatory Palestine served as hashish smuggling centers and as nodes of interwar drug trafficking?

Question: Mark the correct statement regarding tobacco.

Question: Who led the shift in Egyptian attitudes toward hashish at the beginning of the 20th century?

Question: Which of the following statements describes imperial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Question: In the Middle Ages, Muslim rulers and religious authorities permitted the use of hashish…

Question: Smuggling hashish through Mandatory Palestine

Question: What is true about the League of Nations’ work?

Question: What considerations led the Ottoman and Iranian authorities to impose restrictions on drug trade and use?

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