Yael Gluskinos
0
Kher Ali
0
Yael Gluskinos
0
Inbar Levints
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
Large areas → “all of the above”: the long version, dressed in black.🖤
A tract of landscape that sprawls beyond the horizon does three things simultaneously—none of them optional. First, it samples more of nature’s random walk: hills plus gullies, south-facing scree plus dank ravines, volcanic soil next to alluvial fluff. That sheer spatial lottery breeds heterogeneity the way Las Vegas breeds neon. Second, because heterogeneity is just a posh word for “lots of different environmental niches bolted together,” a large area automatically stockpiles habitats—micro-climates, edaphic quirks, hydrological oddities—each one an invitation card to a different guild of organisms. Finally, with niches and habitats multiplying, species richness rises almost as a mathematical corollary: every extra square-kilometre both lowers extinction risk (bigger populations, shallower genetic drift) and raises colonisation odds (more real estate touches more dispersal corridors). The classic species–area curve (S = cAᶻ) quantifies the inevitability: double the area, and you get roughly 10-25 % more species, even before evolutionary novelty begins its slow simmer. Hence exam setters, weary of nuance, bundle the whole causal chain into the catch-all “All of the above”—and, for once, they’re not wrong.
לפני 12 שעות
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
-1
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Appropriate materials for insulation → Light-weight (e.g., polystyrene, glass-wool, sheep-wool)
Thermal insulation relies on minimising conductive heat transfer by trapping large volumes of still air within a matrix of low-conductivity solid. Light-weight, fibrous or cellular materials—expanded polystyrene, mineral/glass wool, natural sheep wool, cork, aerated foams—possess extremely low bulk density and therefore low thermal conductivity (λ ≈ 0.030–0.045 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹). By contrast, so-called “heavyweight” media such as concrete, stone or steel have high density and λ values two orders of magnitude larger; they contribute thermal mass (heat-capacity buffering) but are poor insulators. Liquids conduct more efficiently than trapped gas, while most dense inorganics (rigid plastics excepted) likewise fail the λ test. Hence the correct engineering choice for insulation is the light-weight class.
לפני 13 שעות
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Air pollution comes from … – “All of the above.”
Air-quality science recognises three intertwined origin classes. (i) Anthropogenic sources—combustion engines, power plants, industrial stacks, domestic biomass burning—inject primary particulates (PM), nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, VOCs and heavy-metal aerosols. (ii) Natural sources contribute a comparably large baseline: aeolian dust from arid belts, sea-salt spray, volcanic SO₂, wild-fire smoke, biogenic terpenes from forests, and even pollen bursts. (iii) In-situ chemical reactions (photolysis, heterogeneous oxidation, secondary organic-aerosol formation) transmute those primary emissions into secondary pollutants such as tropospheric ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates and fine secondary sulphate/nitrate particles. Because atmospheric loading at any receptor site is the vector sum of these three mechanisms, a comprehensive definition of “air pollution” must embrace them all—hence the integrative answer.
לפני 13 שעות
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Conventional vs. alternative water sources
Hydrologists class “conventional” sources as those long exploited with minimal transformation: surface water (rivers, reservoirs, natural lakes) and shallow, easily tapped unconfined-aquifer wells. Both arise directly from the hydrological cycle, require only basic abstraction and, historically, sustained most municipal supplies. By contrast, deep confined groundwater, desalinated saline water, engineered rain-harvesting systems or reclaimed wastewater are branded non-conventional or alternative because they demand energy-intensive pumping, advanced treatment, or novel infrastructure. Selecting “shallow well water and surface water” therefore pinpoints the orthodox pair from which modern water-resource management evolved.
לפני יום
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Off-gassing – the slow exhalation of built materials
Off-gassing denotes the spontaneous release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organics and other gases from solid or liquid materials into the surrounding air at ambient temperatures. Freshly manufactured goods—plywood, carpets, paints, upholstery foams, electronics—contain residual solvents, plasticisers, fire retardants or formaldehyde-based resins; over time these molecules diffuse out of the matrix, degrade indoor-air quality and may contribute to “new-building” odour, mucous-membrane irritation or sick-building syndrome. Because the phenomenon is intrinsic to the material itself and does not require combustion, vehicle exhaust or digestion, “emission of gases from materials” is the precise engineering and occupational-health definition.
לפני יום
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Smog: an airborne cocktail of gases and particulates
Smog—a portmanteau of smoke and fog coined in 1905—denotes a noxious atmospheric mixture of gaseous pollutants (classically SO₂, NOₓ, VOCs, ozone) and fine particulate matter (soot, secondary aerosols, dust) suspended in air. Two main archetypes exist: classical or sulphurous smog, driven by coal combustion under cool, moist conditions, and photochemical smog, generated when sunlight catalyses reactions between NOₓ and VOCs above large motorised cities. In both cases, the synergy of gas-phase irritants and respirable particles exacerbates cardiopulmonary morbidity far beyond the sum of their individual toxicities—hence the definition emphasises their combined presence rather than either component alone.
לפני יום
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT explains (level =C2; CEFR aligned):
Under the framing adopted by most conservation-biology syllabi, the primary purpose of a reintroduction is straightforwardly demographic: to re-establish a viable wild population of a species that has dwindled or disappeared, thereby securing its long-term persistence together with the ecological community on which it depends. Everything else—trophic rebalancing, ecosystem-function restoration, public outreach—while undeniably valuable, is viewed as either a downstream consequence (e.g., carnivore top-down control returns once the species is numerically secure) or an ancillary programme goal (e.g., media campaigns that accompany a release). Hence, when exam writers ask for the main advantage, they expect the narrowly conservationist answer: “improves the conservation of the species and its ecosystem.” Selecting the more expansive “all answers are correct” risks diluting that hierarchy by implying that every collateral benefit carries equal strategic weight, which is not the doctrinal emphasis of the discipline.
לפני יום
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
0
inbar gerad
GPT level ==C2:
1 — Thermal-storage media
In passive and hybrid building physics, materials that effectively damp diurnal temperature swings share two key attributes: high volumetric heat capacity (ρ·cₚ) and, ideally, moderate thermal diffusivity. Dense, heavyweight substrates such as concrete, masonry, steel or natural stone can absorb and retain large enthalpy loads per degree of temperature rise, then release that energy back to the indoor air as conditions cool—thereby flattening peaks in heating or cooling demand. By contrast, lightweight insulants (e.g. polystyrene, mineral wool) possess low specific heat and are engineered to inhibit, rather than buffer, heat flow; liquids can store sensible or latent heat efficiently but require tanks and ancillary control systems that move them out of the “fabric-integrated” category implied by the question. Hence heavyweight solids constitute the canonical choice for architectural thermal storage.
לפני יום
0
Nitzan Aharoni
0
אורלי בן נתן
0
inbar gerad
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
עוז ריגלר
0
Yarden Katz
0
Nofar Avraham
1
yaeli turtz
0
Neta Nevo
0
Neta Nevo
0
Yael Gluskinos
0
thaer amsis
0
bar shuv
0
bar shuv
0
bar shuv
0
May Levi
0
מעין שיריזלי
0
Nati Hakak
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
אמיר חודדה
1
Guy
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
כאשר דייר בבית משותף אינו משלם דמי ועד בית, ניתן לפעול במספר ערוצים משפטיים כדי לחייבו בתשלום. הנה הדרכים המקובלות בישראל:
🏢 1. פנייה ל"מפקח על רישום מקרקעין" (המפקח על בתים משותפים)
זהו הגוף המרכזי המוסמך להכריע בסכסוכים בין דיירים בבית משותף – כולל תביעות על תשלום לוועד בית.
סמכות: מכוח חוק המקרקעין, תשכ"ט–1969.
ניתן להגיש דרכו תביעה נגד הדייר הסרבן.
התהליך מהיר, פשוט יותר מבית משפט רגיל, ודומה לבית משפט אזרחי.
👉 איך פונים?
מגישים תביעה אצל המפקח האזורי (בירושלים, תל אביב, חיפה וכו').
מצרפים מסמכים: פרטי הנכס, דוחות כספיים, תכתובות קודמות, דרישות תשלום וכו'.
⚖️ 2. פנייה לבית משפט לתביעות קטנות
אפשרית כאשר הסכום הנתבע אינו עולה על 36,000 ש"ח (נכון לשנת 2025).
יתרון: אין צורך בעורך דין.
👉 אפשר לשקול זאת אם מדובר במקרה פשוט או חד־פעמי.
לפני שבוע
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0
Yoav Goldsmith
0